Fabric containing haircloth.



G. GOLDMAN. FABRIC GONTAINING HAIRGLOTH.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 4, 1903.

PIG. 3.

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PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OEEIOE.

Application filed December 4, 1903. Serial No. 183,823.

To a/ZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, GUsTAv GOLDMAN, of

Baltimore, Maryland, have invented a new and useful Fabric ContainingHaircloth, which invention is fully set forth in the followingspecification.

Heretofore haircloth hasbeen employed in a great variety of ways forstiffening garments and like uses, and while it has been found more orless efficient for the purposes for which it was used it is open to anumber of serious objections, among which ma be mentioned its high cost,the liability o the ends of the hair in the cloth to protrude throughthe arment, and the necessity of resorting to bindings, tapes, &c., tohold the elastic haircloth in the desired shape and the skill re uisiteto appl these parts so as to secure t e desired or tlsie best results.

The object of 'the present invention is to rovide a product which shallcost less than aircloth as now employed, be free from the v objectionsincident to haircloth, and in addi- 4 tion shall possess certaindesirable ualities pot found in any haircloth now on t e mar- (et.

With these objects in view the invention consists in a fabric composed'of a body of fibers bound together in a coherentmatted or felted masswith a sheet of haircloth incorporated therewith. The hairclothemplcgfed may be one in which both the weft an the warp are of hair, orone of these may be hair and the other of cotton or other suitablefiber, asdesired, though the latter is preferred because of its greatercheapness. In fact, with this invention in the great majority of casesthe amount of hair entering into the haircloth may be much less Athanwhat has heretofore been employed in the chealpest grades of such cloth,and as the hair is t e expensive factor in the manufacture of haircloththis saving in the amount of hair employed (which may be as great asfifty 1per cent.) reduces the oost of the fabric whic is the sub'ect ofthe resent invention much below t at of hairc oth, while at the sametime producing a greatly superior fabric. The matted or elted mass maybe of animal, vegetable, or mineral fibers or mixtures of these, andthey are so disposed as to form a sheet of the matted or felted fiberswith the haircloth incorporated therein,'the whole being so untedas toform a compact coherent mass-or sheet. In some instances the fibers aredisposed so as to form a considerable Specification of Letters Patent.

' and the, fibers Patented Jan. so, 190e,

body or matted mass of fibers on both sides of the haircloth, the latterbeing preferably formed with large open meshes through which the fibersfrom the opposite sides pro- 'vect and intermingle and are firmly unitedor ound together in the manner hereinafter described or in any othersuitable way. It is not essential,however, that there should be a thickmass of the fibers on both sides of the haircloth, as such mass may beupon one side only with the ends of the fibers projecting throughthemeshes of the cloth and united or bound to 'each other and to thehaircloth. While in most cases the fibers will project through themeshes of the haircloth, it is not essentialthat this should be theAcase, as in some instances and with some kinds of fibers the finishedfabric is made without the fibers passing through the haircloth to anygreat extent. Any suitable method may be employed to unite thefibers to'each other and to the haircloth.

film of fibers' in a loose fluff condition may have a sheet of hairclothlaid thereon and 'a second layer of'fibers in like loose fluffycondition m'ay then be laid over the haircloth be then united to eachother and to the haircloth by any suitable binding agent, as a sizing,or if the fibers are of a character which will permit of a feltingaction they may be felted in the usual or any desired way, therebyformi-ng `a sheet of felt with the haircloth incorporated therein. Onemethod which has been found to be effective consists in laying down athin Jrilm of the desired fibers in a light fluy condition, as the samecome from the doffer of a carding-machine, for exand a binder of sizingor a resinate, as zinc resinate, in a dry finely-divided form is thendusted between and 'upon the fibers, after which the sheet or layer ofhaircloth is laid upon the film 4of fibers and more ofthe binder 1s thendusted thereon. Avsecond film of the fibers is then laid upon thehaircloth ample,

and the dry finely-divided binder is dusted the fibersthereof and thebetween and upon whole then treated so as to convert the dryfinely-divided binding material into an active binding agent, wherebythefibers are united to each other and to the haircloth, so that the wholeconstitutes a matted mass of fibers effectively bound together with thehaircloth incorporated therein. dure for converting the dryfinely-divided binding material into an active .binding agent will varysomewhat with the nature of the voi The particular procethe bin -heatvand pressure, as b binder employed. I vThus if-sizing used as preferably1n the form of steam, is introduced and the lwhole is then preferabltreated by su jecting I the brous lms with the hairc oth therebetween tothe raction of heated rollers.- A convenient means of supplying themoisture, heat, and

. pressure consists 1n placing the mass of bers lO with the hairclothand the dry bindin material between moisture -carrying be ts and thenassing the ers. he heat of the rollers converts the moisture of thebelts into steam, which' enetrates'. the brou's mass, thereby supp yingthe moisture'necessary as a solvent if sizing or its equivalent be usedor the fusing heat requisite to convert the resinate or equivalent,

1f such be used, into an active binding agent.'

enthe sheet has issued from between the heated rollers, it will be foundthat the bers composing the twolmsor layers have been united to eachother and to the haircloth, so as to form a matted `or felted mass witha sheet of haircloth incorporated therein.

As indicated above, the two lms of fibers with the haircloththerebetween may be treated by the usual or any suitable felting processinstead of ursuing the method rst described. Thus they may be subjectedto a rubbing process-in the presence of a suitable binder,as a solublesoap, and then passing through a xing solution, as an alum solution,after which the whole is again rubbed in a at form in the presence ofheat and pressure. This latter method can only be ur- Sued when, thebrous mass iseither in w ole or in art composed of animal bers,.since veeta le 'or mineral bers alone will not The binder which is employed ineither-of fabric to retain any shape into be ressed.

which it may agent some solvent, as moisture,

whole between heated roll,v

.and Fig. 3

the processes mentioned serves also A Vas a stiffener, which will causethe completed compact mass of bers-united as a whole and having a layervof haircloth incorporated therein or secured thereto.

the accompanying drawings, whichillustrate the invention, are shown, inFigure 1, a cross-section,v and .in Fig. 2 a plan, of the two fibrouslms with the haircloth between them, the bers being in the .loose uffycondition before they have been treated to unite them into a matted orl'elted mass; is a cross-section of the finished fabricwith the mattedmass on both sides of the haircloth. Fig. 4 is a cross-section showingthe mass of loose ufy bers on but one lside of the haircloth, and Fig. 5is a view of Fig. 4 after the `same has been treated c to form thecompleted fabric.

'In said ures, 1 is the lower,and 2 the upper, film or ayer ofbers, and3 is the sheet of haircloth between said lms. In Figs. 4 and 5 thehaircloth is laid upon the brous layer 1 and the upper .layer 2 1somitted.

'le processes of making the fabric hereinv claimed have been described.above, 'such processes are not claimed in the present application, asthey form the vSubject-matter of two other a plications of even dateherewith.

Havin t is claime is- Asheet of hair'cloth combined with a' mass ofmatted .or felted bers some of which pro.- ject throu h themeshes of thecloth, and a waterproo binder uniting the haircloth and bers together. Y

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification ing Witnesses.

GUSTAV GOLDMAN.

I ,Witnessesz ARTHUR LEE BRoWNE. l.FRANCIS T. HOMER.

us described the invention, what the presence ofA two subscrib--

